Carbureter.



w. P, PEMBROKE.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. {6. m4.

1,236,049 Patented Aug. 7,1917.

2 SHEETSSHEET l.

WiX-nuomw W. P. PEMBROKE.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.16. 1914.

1,Q36,00%; Patented Aug. 7,1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

k) Zlmw/wtom WINFIELD I. PEMBROKE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK,

cannunnrnn.

" Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. a, 191?.

Application filed March 16, 1914. Serial No. 824,886.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WINFIELD P. PEM- BROKE, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the reference numerals marked thereon. a

My present invention relates to carbureters adapted to be used in conjunction with explosive engines, and it has for its object to provide an apparatus for the vaporizing of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, the parts of which arearranged to supply the requisite proportions of air and fuel in the required volume under varying conditions and especially to automatically control or regulate the relative proportions of the fuel and air required by an engine when operatin under high duty conditions. H

y invention has for its further object to provide a carbureter having tWoor more sets of air and fuel inlets, one set being adapted to supply, the carbureted mixture .under low 'speed conditions, while the other set of inlets is arranged to be brought into action when the engine develops speed fir power above a predetermined point. invention also comprehends the controlling of auxiliary air and fuel inlets by means of normally closed valves which are independently opened by the pressure of the mrushing air together with mechanism operated by the air valve for forming a stop limiting the relative opening movement of the fuel valve, which is further capable of manual adjustment. To these and other ends the invention consists in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a carbureter constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a top'plan view thereof, and

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view, taken on the line 3"3" of Fig. 2.

Similar reference numerals throughout the several figures indicate the same arts.

A carbureter embodying my present invention is capable of automatically controlling. the quantity of fuel oil or gasolene and the required volume of air necessary to be supplied to formthe charge admitted to'an engine or motor under all the varying conditions encountered in its operation from the lowest speed at which it is capable of working to the highest speed or point where the engine is delivering its maximum horsepower, certain features of adjustment being provided to enable the operator to regulate the mechanism to produce its full efficiency under varying atmospheric changes and to compensate for differences in the gravity or volatility of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel employed at difl'erent times. In the illustrations showing one embodiment of my present invention the carbureter is illus trated as comprising a shell or body 1 having a horizontal passage A opening into the vertical passage B at one end-forming the outlet which, it will be understood, is adapted to be connected to the, intake manifold of the motor or engine to which the carbureter is applied. At its other end the passage ,A terminates in the chamber 0 which is closed at its ends by air valves, as will be presently described, which, when opened, form inlet passages for supplying the air required in forming the carbureted mixture used by the engine when operating under high duty. Opening into the bottom of the casing 1 are a plurality of fuel discharge nozzles, in the presentinstance two of these being shown, and indicated by D and E, the former being adapted to supply the liquid fuel under ordinary low speed requirements of the engine, while the latter forms the auxiliary 'fuel inlet ,which is brought into action when the speed of the engine or the working load is increased beyond a predetermined point. The auxiliary nozzle E is associated with the air inlets of the chamber C and like these inlets it is also normally closed by a valve head which is automatically opened by the atmospheric, pressure created by the partial vacuum produced in the carbureter casing.

The fuel inlet D is arranged preferably in central alinement with the outlet passage and below the bottom of the passage A, its discharge end being surrounded by a choke collar or Venturi tube at which forms a continuation of the main air'inlet F. The size, shape and general position of the tube d and nozzle D is such that the force of the suction created by the inrushing air in the zone of the nozzle will lift or draw therefrom gasolene, or other hydrocarbon liquid, in such proportions as may be desired for operating the engine within a given range of low power speeds. For instance, when the power developed is expressed in miles per hour, as is the case where the motor-is mounted upon an automobile, the range of speed cared for by the main air intake F and its associated nozzle 1) will befrom the lowest cranking speed to about seventeen miles per hour. The additional fuel and air supplying the larger volume of carbureted mixture required for higher speeds are furnished by the auxiliary ports or inlets operating in conjunction with the main air and fuel inlet.

The auxiliary fuel inlet nozzle E opens sage 6 leading from the usual float 'chamber, indicated by e and illustrated in Fig. 2. The upper end of the nozzle E is,enlarged to provide the head E through which extends a series of circumferentially ar-, rangedperforations E which open into the chamber A and form the valve operatinlg air passages. The upper end of the headis preferably flattened forming a valve seat with which cooperates the valve head G having the central tapered plug g fitting the upper end of the passage e and forming a graduated valve controlling the fluid inlet as set forth in my copending application Serial No. 824,885, filed March 16, 1914,

which has matured into Patent No. 1,192,106

July 25, 1916. The head G extends over the inner ends of the perforations E and 'normally closes them so that when a partial vacuum is created in the passage A the air endeavoring to enter through said perforations will tend to unseat the valve head, at the same time withdrawing the plug 9 from the fuel passage e and as the passages E are disposed in a circle around the fuel inlet, the air. admitted through them and impinging against the under side of the valve head G serves to quickly dissipate the volatile oil and assist in vaporizing it as it enters the chamber A. Thevalve head G is provided with an upwardly extendinfg stem g which serves as a guide and pre erably extends through the top wall of the casing 1 where it cooperates with the mechanism employed for limiting its movement relatively to the opening of the auxiliary air passages.

The control of the air admitted to the carbureter to provide the explosive mixture of proper consistency for an engine working under high duty presents a difficult problem because of the different requirements of an engine under various working conditions, especially by reason of the frequentchanges that occur' in the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere and the differences in the degree of gravity of the hydrocarbon fuels used at different times. In order to contend with these factors and to enable the carbureter to supply a carbureted mixture to the engine according to its needs and which shall be automatic in its operation I have provided graduated air valve mechanism controlling the entrance of the auxiliary air admitted into the carbureter which is capable of being adjusted so that it will come into action only when the speed of rotation, or work developed by the engine, has reached a given point. To this end I have arranged in the bottom of thechamber C an annular collar 2 having at its upper edge a seat against which rests the valve head 3, rovided with the depending side walls which guide the valve head on the collar, said walls being provided with a plurality of apertures 4 which are preferably made V-shaped so as to form graduated openings increasing in area from the top of the wall downwardly. Extending upwardly from the valve head 3 is the tubular stem 5 guided in a central boss on the top plate or cover 6 and surrounding the stem and resting on the valve head 3 is a weight 7 and a light coil springS, which parts cooperate to normally hold the valve head 3 in closed position until the resistance afforded by them is overcome by the partial vacuum' created in the carbureter casing.

.The relative proportions of air and fuel admitted through the auxiliary inlets is controlledby means of a device which is operated by the opening movement of the air inlet valve 3, and arranged to act as a stop for limiting the opening movement of the fuel inlet valve G. The latter, it will .be observed, is actuated similarly to the valve 3, by the inrushing currents of air, and the regulating or controlling mechanism which I employ for governing the movement of the auxiliary fuel valve G does not in any way tend to actuate it, but merely to control its opening movement. This mechanism, in

the present embodiment of my invention,

comprises a pivoted member in the form of a bar 9 which extends over both valve heads, engaging the upper end of the valve stem 9 and pro ecting through a slot 10 in the valve stem 5. The desired position of the bar 9 in said slot is determined by the longitudinal adjustment of the screw threaded pin 11 in the stem 5 and the bearing member 12 yieldingly supported in the upper end of said stem and held in contact with the upper edge of the bar. by means of the coil spring 13. The pivotal point 14 of the bar or memand in order to ermit the relative moveand serves to retract the rod to increase the distance between the fulcrum point 14 of the lever 9relatively to the auxiliary air and fuel inlet valves.

In practice I have discovered that considerablelatitude exists in the selection of the weight 7 and spring 8 and that these need not be adjusted to such a degree of fineness that the auxiliary valves. are permitted to open at the point where the maximum power is obtained fromthe carbureted mixture supplied through the main air and fuel inlets F and D because, if means 'is provided for supplementing the air admitted through the channel F a slight increase in power may be obtained over the maximum power which it is possible to produce by means of the main inlets working alone. This is due to the fact that the suction produced at the nozzle D may become sufficient to draw in too eat a volume of gasolene in proportion to t e. air admitted through the channel F, thus producing too rich a mix-,

ture. Therefore, in order to utilize the full advantage of a maximum discharge of liquid fuel from the nozzle D, without the attending difliculties encountered in the enlarging of the passage F, I provide a subsidiary air inlet passage which will supply tbthe carbureter the volume of air that is required to maintain a proper carburization during the interval between the time the maininlets together have reached their maximum efficiency and the moment the auxiliary air and fuel valves 3, and G, are allowed to come into action. a

The subsidiary air inlets are, for convenience, formed by perforating the cover 6' of the chamber C, as indicated by 22, the area of the latter being adjustable by a similar perforated damper plate 23, which is held in place by means of the set screw 24.

The apertures 22 are normally closed :by a

disk 25 sliding on the stem 5 and normally held in its uppermost position against theunder surface of the cap 6 by means of the spring 8, the tension of which may be increased or decreased by advancing or retracting the collar 2 which is threaded into the bottom of the chamber 0 for this purpose, although it will be understood that other means may be employed for changing the tension of the spring 8.

In order to describe succinctly the operation of a carburetor embodying myinvention, it will be assumed that the device is used in connection with a motor employed for operating an automobile andrthe work performed thereby will be indicated by the rate of travelof the vehicle. In the first instance the operator adjusts the needle valve al of the discharge nozzle D to supply the requisite quantity of liquid fuel under ordinary. operating conditions of speed varying from three to seventeen milesper hour, which adjustment remains constant for a fuel of specific gravity. The weight 7 used to restrain the action of the auxiliary air valves 3 is proportioned so that the valve is retained closed until the work performed by the engine is sufficient to drive the vehicle at a rate of twenty-five. miles per hour, or a lower speed slightl in excess of the maximum speed obtaina le from the combined action of the nozzle D and air inlet F. The maximum speed just referred to is the speed which is obtained just prior to the instant when the carbureted mixture from the main inlets becomes too rich and supposing, for purposes of illustration, that this is a speed of seventeen miles per hour, the operator then adjusts the damper plate 23 and the tension of the spring 8 so that the subsidiary valve plate 25 will be opened to admit the supplementary supply of air sufiicient to relieve the over richness of the carbureted mixture from said main air and fuel inlets F and D and to provide the volume of explosive mixture needed to carry on the engine operations until the speed attained is sufficient to roduce a suction in the passage A which will open the auxiliary its pivot 14 and movingit out of contact with the stem g of the fuel 'inletivalve G.. The latter being thus relieved is permitted to open through the action of the inr'ushing air entering the ports or passages 13 which, as before described, also assists in volatilizing the hydrocarbon fuel flowing from the passage" 61,- which becomes very thoroughly mixed with the greater volume of air entering beneath the valve head 3.

A carbureter constructed in accordance with my invention comprises a set of air and fuel inlets which, after being once ad justed are capable of furnishing a carbureted mixture of the proper proportions for all low speed operations and an additional set of air and fuelinlets cooperating with those first mentioned which will care for the higher speed operations up to and includceives a. mixture of too great richness.

I claim as my invention:

1. A carbureter comprising a chambered casing having direct and indirect air inlets and provided with an outlet for carbureted mixture, and liquid fuel inlets associated with said air inlets, of valves normally closing the indirect air inlet and its associated fuel inlet, sa d indirect air and fuel valves being each a( apted to be operated independently by inrushing air and means for controlling the movement of the fuel valve relatively to that of the air valve.

2. A carbureter comprising a chambered casing having two air inlets'and provided with an outlet for carbureted mixture, and

\ two liquid fuel inlets associated one with each air inlet, of two valves, one normally closing one air inlet and the other the corresponding fuel inlet, said valves being each arranged to be opened independently by the inrushing air.

8. A carbdreter comprising a chambered casing having a plurality of air and liquid fuel inlets arranged in pairs, and a valve normally closing one of the air inlets, and

ations,-a pivoted lever rocked by said air valve and cooperating with the fuel valve to limit .its opening movement relatively to the opening movement of the air valve.

5. A carbureter comprising a chambered casing having separate air inlets for high and low speed engine operations, and liquid fuel inlets associated one with each air inlet, of valves normally closing one set of air and fuel inlets each adapted to be opened independently of the other by inrushingv air used for high speed operations, a lever rocked by theair inlet valve and arranged to govern the opening movement of the fluid inlet valve, and means for shifting the fulcrum point of the lever relatively to the 7 last named valve.

6. A carbureter comprising a chambered fiii fcasing having separate air inlets for high and low speed engine operations, and liquid 7 fuel inlets associated one with each air inlet, of valves normally closing one set of air and fuel inlets, adapted to be opened by inrushing air, a lever pivoted in proximity to and cooperating with the fuel and air valves and means for adjusting the pivotal point of the lever in a direction toward and from the fuel valve.

7. A carbureter comprising a chambered casing having separate air inlets for high and low speed engine operations, and liquid fuel inlets associated one with each air inlet, of valves normally closing one set ofair I operated independently of the other by in-' rushing air, and a regulating member oper-. ated by the opening of the air valve and overlying the fuel inlet valve arranged to act as a limiting stop overning the opening movement of said uel,inlet valve.

9. The combination with a carbureter casing having an auxiliary air port, an auxiliary fuel inlet opening into the casing, a valve normally closing the air port and a separate valve normally closing the fuel inlet and arranged to be opened by inrushing air independently of said air valve, of means cooperating with both valves and governing their relative opening movements to proportion the supply of air and fuel admitted to the casing.

' 10. The combination with a carbureter casing having an auxiliary air port, an auxiliary fuel inlet opening into the casing a valve normally closing the air portend a separate valve normally closing the fuel inlet, of a pivoted lever c05pe1ating with and governing the relative opening movement of both valves and means for shifting the pivotal point of the lever to vary the movement permitted the fuel inlet valve. ,7

11. A carbureter comprising a casing having mainair and fuel inlets and provided with auxiliary and subsidiary air inlet passages, and an auxiliary fuel inlet opening into the casing, of a valve normally closing the auxiliary air inlet, a second valve normally closing the auxiliary fuel inlet and a member controlled by the auxiliary air valve cooperating with the auxiliary fuel valve and forming a stop limiting its opening movement. i

said valve heads and movable With eachabout a pivot located in juxtaposition to the fuel inlet valve and limiting the opening movement of the latter relatively to the air valve.

13. In a carbureter, the combination With a casing having an air inlet, a valve head normally closing it and a liquid fuel inlet opening into the casing, there being air inlet apertures surrounding said fuel inlet, of a valve head normally closing the fuel inlet and the apertures, a bar extending across and cooperating With the tWo valve heads, a member on which it is pivoted adjustable relatively toward and from the fuel supply valve andvarying the relative amplitude of movement of the air and fuel valve heads.

14. A carbureter comprising a casing having main and auxiliary air inlets and provided With a subsidiary air passage, of main and auxiliary fuel supply inlets associated With the main and auxiliary air inlets, means restraining the entrance of fuel and air in said auxiliary inlets, a valve controlling the subsidiary air passage and adjustable means for controlling said valve to permit it to open in advance of the opening of said auxiliary inlets.

15. A carbureter comprising a casing having a main set of air and fuel inlets, an auxiliary set of air and fuel inlets and valves normally closing the latter, of an air inlet supplementing the air supplied by the main air inlet, a valve normally closing said subsidiary air inlet and means controlling its operation and permitting said valve to open in advance of the opening of the auxiliary air valve and to be substantially closed upon the opening of said auxiliary air valve.

16. A carbureter comprising a casing having a primary set of normally open air and fuel inlets, a set of auxiliary air and fuel inlets and valves normally closing the latter and adapted to be automatically opened, of a subsidiary air inlet, a valve head cooperating therewith, means normally holding the valve head in closed position and permitting it to open in advance of the opening of the auxiliary air inlet, said means cooperating With the auxiliary air valve When opening to cause the subsidiary air valve to be sub stantially closed.

' 17 A carbureter comprising a casing having a primary set of normally open air and fuel inlets, a set of auxiliary air and fuel inlets and valves normally closing the latter and adapted to be automatically opened, of a subsidiary air inlet, a valve head cooperat ing therewith, a spring normally holding it in closed position and resting on the auxiliary air valve and adapted to be compressed upon movement of the latter, and means in addition to said spring for restraining the opening movement of said auxiliary air valve.

' WINFIELD P. PEMBROKE. Witnesses:

RUSSELL B. GRIFFITH, M. MADELINE 

